{"id":9134,"date":"2024-07-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-11T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/2024\/07\/11\/remote-licensing-hearings-are-lawful-high-court-rules\/"},"modified":"2024-07-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T00:00:00","slug":"remote-licensing-hearings-are-lawful-high-court-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/remote-licensing-hearings-are-lawful-high-court-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Remote licensing hearings are lawful, High Court rules"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"ember1618\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">The High Court has dismissed a challenge to a licensing authority\u2019s use of remote hearings.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1619\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">Since 2020, the use of video conferencing technology to hold licensing hearings has become widespread.<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><a href=\"\/media\/uifg2rm2\/walksafe-final-judgment-final.pdf\" title=\"Walksafe Final Judgment Final\"><em>Walk Safe Security Services Ltd v London Borough of Lewisham<\/em><span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span>[2024] EWHC 1787 (Admin)<\/a> was the first case to reach the High Court in which the lawfulness of that practice was challenged.<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1620\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\"><strong>Challenge to remote hearing procedure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1621\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">The Appellant \u2013 the owner of South London nightclub, Silks \u2013 held a premises licence which was revoked in late 2022, following an application for summary review by the Metropolitan Police.<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1622\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">As it had done consistently since the onset of the pandemic, the hearing before the London Borough of Lewisham\u2019s Licensing Committee took place remotely, using Microsoft Teams.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1623\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">The Appellant appealed against the revocation.  Among its grounds of appeal was a challenge to the use of a remote hearing procedure.<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1624\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">That issue was considered as a preliminary issue by DJ Abdel Sayed sitting at Bromley Magistrates\u2019 Court, who ruled that<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span>remote hearings were permitted under the Licensing Act 2003 and the Licensing Act (Hearings) Regulations 2005.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1625\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">The Appellant appealed against the District Judge\u2019s ruling to the High Court.  The appeal was heard by Chamberlain J in May 2024.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1626\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\"><strong>Remote hearings are lawful<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1627\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">In dismissing the appeal, the judge held that remote hearings are lawful:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the absence of an express statutory definition of \u201chearing\u201d in either the Act or the Regulations, in principle the term \u201chearing\u201d could be applied both to an in-person hearing and a remote hearing using video conferencing technology [44].<\/li>\n<li>Although the Regulations require a hearing to be held in a \u201cplace\u201d, that word is not defined either and nor is it accompanied by words connoting a single geographical location (unlike the provisions for ordinary local authority meetings held under the Local Government Act 1972).  Without such qualifying language, an online platform could properly be described as a \u201cplace\u201d [45].<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2003\/17\/section\/9\" target=\"_self\" class=\"app-aware-link \" data-test-app-aware-link=\"\">Section 9(3) of the Act<\/a><span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span>and<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2005\/44\/regulation\/21\" target=\"_self\" class=\"app-aware-link \" data-test-app-aware-link=\"\">Regulation 21 of the Regulations<\/a><span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span>\u2013 which permit a licensing committee to regulate its own procedure \u2013 reflect an intention to confer maximum procedural flexibility, subject to any contrary provision in the Regulations.  Therefore the question for the court was not whether remote hearings were permitted but whether they were expressly prohibited.  In the court\u2019s judgment, there was no clear indication in the Regulations that remote hearings were precluded [47].<\/li>\n<li>A licensing authority is obliged to act fairly and in accordance with procedural rights to a fair hearing under Article 6 ECHR.  This requires the licensing authority to consider whether a remote hearing can be held in a way which is fair to all parties: where it would not be, it is obliged to consider alternative arrangements [48].<\/li>\n<li>The fact that express provision for remote hearings had been made in Wales did not affect the interpretation of the Act and Regulations insofar as they apply to England.  The Welsh provisions simply show how one would draft a provision if the legislator\u2019s intention was to put beyond doubt the question whether \u201chearing\u201d includes a remote hearing [42].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"ember1629\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\"><strong>What does it mean for licensing authorities?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1630\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">The ruling means that all licensing authorities in England and Wales are authorised to hold licensing hearings remotely \u2013 either fully remotely or a hybrid procedure (with some participants attending a physical location and others joining through video conferencing technology).<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember1631\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">Although the judgment clearly establishes the principle that remote hearings are lawful, it contains only limited guidance on the practicalities of holding a remote hearing.  What is clear, however, from the court\u2019s reference to procedural fairness, is that authorities should have a written protocol, setting out:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>criteria for holding an in-person hearing, fully remote hearing or hybrid procedure<\/li>\n<li>what constitutes valid attendance by members of the committee, parties to the hearing, officers and members of the public<\/li>\n<li>how access to the hearing by members of the public will be ensured<\/li>\n<li>additional measures to ensure that a remote hearing will not result in unfairness any party to the hearing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"ember1633\" class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\">Matt Lewin, a member of Cornerstone Barristers\u2019 Licensing Team, represented the London Borough of Lewisham in the High Court and the magistrates\u2019 court, having acted as legal adviser to the Licensing Committee.<span class=\"white-space-pre\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\"><span>In the High Court, Matt was led by Stephen Walsh KC of 3RB Chambers.  His instructing solicitors were Krishna Pancholi and Rachel Lyne at Browne Jacobson.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ember-view reader-content-blocks__paragraph\"><a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/files.constantcontact.com\/809c3e67001\/40025216-5bef-4a8e-a3f8-395c1a0b3f22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><span>The Institute has published a Protocol For Licence Applications &#038; Hearings Under The Licensing Act 2003.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The High Court has dismissed a challenge to a licensing authority\u2019s use of remote hearings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"modified_by":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instituteoflicensing.org\/news_archive\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}